Prevalência de la criptosporidiosis en seres humanos y terneros, y detección molecular del Cryptosporidium parvum / Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in humans and calves and molecular detection of Cryptosporidium parvum

RESUMEN Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la prevalencia de especies de Cryptosporidium en humanos y terneros en la provincia de Van, Turquía. Materiales y métodos. Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 150 pacientes, incluidos 50 pacientes en hemodiálisis, 40 pacientes inmunosuprimidos con diarrea, 30 pacientes con diarrea solamente y 30 pacientes inmunocompetentes. Se recolectaron muestras de heces rectales de un total de 50 terneros alojados en establos y granjas en 10 aldeas centrales de Van, Turquía. Resultados. Se detectó Cryptosporidium parvum en el 17.3% de las 150 muestras de heces tomadas de seres humanos. C. parvum se observó en el 20% de los 50 pacientes en hemodiálisis, el 32.5% de los 40 pacientes inmunosuprimidos con diarrea y el 10% de los 30 pacientes con diarrea solamente, mientras que no hubo Cryptosporidium spp. detectado en los pacientes inmunocompetentes. C. parvum se observó en sólo el 6% de los 30 terneros diarreicos. Conclusiones. Claramente se entendio que la Criptosporidiosis fue detectada en una alta tasa en las muestras de los pacientes inmunosuprimidos sin y con sintomas de diarrea, y que además la especie activa que causó la enfermedad fue el agente etiologico Criptosporidium parvum. Por lo tanto, estos dos grupos de pacientes deben ser evaluados en lo que a términos de Criptosporidiosis se refiere.

ABSTRACT Objective. To investigate of the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species in humans and calves in the province of Van, Turkey. Materials and methods. Included in this research were 150 patients, comprising 50 hemodialysis patients, 40 immunosuppressed patients with diarrhea, 30 patients with diarrhea only, and 30 immunocompetent patients. Collected were stool rectal samples from 50 calves that were housed in stables and farms in 10 central villages of Van, Turkey. Results. Cryptosporidium parvum was detected in 17.3% of the 150 human stool samples. C. parvum was observed in 20% of the 50 samples from the hemodialysis patients, 32.5% of the 40 samples from the immunosuppressed patients with diarrhea, and 10% of the 30 samples from patients with diarrhea only, whereas no Cryptosporidium spp. was detected in the samples from the immunocompetent patients. C. parvum was observed in only 6% of the samples from the diarrheic 30 calves. Conclusions. It was clearly understood that cryptosporidiosis was detected at a high rate in the samples from the immunosuppressed patients and those who were immunosuppressed with diarrhea, and that the active and effective species that causes cryptosporidiosis in the Van region is C. parvum. Hence, these patient groups should be evaluated in terms of cryptosporidiosis.

Can consolidative thoracic radiotherapy improve outcomes in extensive-disease small cell lung cancer after chemotherapy with complete/near-complete responders?

Background: In extensive-disease-small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC), the median survival is 8–10 months and 2-year survival is <5%. Primary tumor progression occurs in 90% of patients approximately within 1 year. The role of consolidative thoracic radiotherapy (C-TRT) for the postchemotherapy residue with the aim of improving local control (LC) and survival is currently of great interest. The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of C-TRT on LC, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in ED-SCLC. Materials and Methods: Medical records of patients diagnosed as SCLC between January 2010 and December 2015 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients who received C-TRT were identified. Pre- and post-chemotherapy radiological evaluations, radiotherapy schedules, relapse patterns, toxicity incidence, LC, PFS, and OS were analyzed. Results: Among 552 SCLC patients, 26 ED-SCLC patients who underwent C-TRT were analyzed. Median follow-up was 7.5 months (range, 6.5–8.5 months). Nearly 50% of the patients had >4 metastatic lesions. Restaging was performed mostly by positron emission tomography/computed tomography and cranial magnetic resonance imaging. All patients had complete or near-complete response distantly. C-TRT was 10 × 300 cGy (n = 1), 23 × 200 cGy (n = 2), 25 × 200 cGy (n = 7), 30 × 200 cGy (n = 12), and 33 × 200 cGy (n = 4). There was no toxicity ≥ Grade 3. LC rate was 77%; there was no isolated local relapse. PFS was 3 months. Median survival was 13 months. The 1- and 2-year OS rates were 62% and 8%, respectively. Conclusion: In ED-SCLC patients, C-TRT may prevent isolated local recurrence and may improve 1-year survival. This survival improvement might be the reflection of high intrathoracic control achieved in 77% of patients

Non-infected penile prosthesis cultures during revision surgery; comparison between antibiotic coated and non - coated devices

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aim of this study is to investigate bacterial growth on non-infected devices and compare antibiotic-coated and non-coated implants. Materials and methods: The charts of 71 patients who underwent revision surgeries for penile prosthesis between 1995 and 2013 were reviewed. Of those, 31 devices were antibiotic-coated prostheses, while 40 of the implants were non-coated. Swab cultures were routinely obtained from corporal, pump or reservoir site during the operation. If a bacterial biofilm was determined on the prosthesis, it was also cultured. Results: A total of 5 different organisms were cultured from 18 patients. Of them, 4 devices were antibiotic-coated and the other 14 were non-coated devices. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common organism, while Staphylococcus hominis, beta hemolitic streptococcus, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis were also cultured. All patients who had positive cultures were treated with appropriate antibiotics for four weeks postoperatively. Median follow-up time was 41 months, ranging between 8 and 82 months. One prosthesis (non-coated) became clinically infected in the follow-up period with a totally different organism. Culture positivity rates of antibiotic-coated and non-coated devices were 13% and 35% respectively and the result was significant (p=0.00254). Conclusions: Positive bacterial cultures are present on non-infected penile prostheses at revision surgeries in some of the patients. Antibiotic coated prostheses have much less positive cultures than non-coated devices.

Prostate volume predicts high grade prostate cancer both in digital rectal examination negative (ct1c) and positive (≥ct2) patients

Introduction We aimed to assess the relationship between prostate volume (PV) and high grade prostate carcinoma (HGPCa) in patients with benign and suspicious digital rectal examination (DRE) in our prostate biopsy cohort. Materials and methods Between 2009-2012, 759 consecutive initial transrectal systematic 12 cores prostate biopsies were included. PVs were calculated with transrectal ultrasound. Only prostate adenocarcinomas (PCa) were included into the study. For standardization, patients with missing data, and who have been exposed to any form of hormonal or radiation therapy were excluded. Patients were categorized with DRE (negative or positive) and Gleason sum [<7: low grade PCa(LGPCa), ≥7: HGPCa]. Results Median PV was significantly lower in patients with HGPCa. There was a significantly increased risk of HGPCa with PV according to all groups in univariate logistic regression (LR). The significant relationship continued in multivariate LR with PSA and age. We found a PV cut-off value of 47.9cc for HGPCa. HGPCa was significantly higher in <47.9 volume, both in DRE positive and negative patients and in the whole cohort, although LGPCa did not differ significantly. Conclusions There is a significant relationship between HGPCa and decreasing PV. The continued significant relationship both in DRE negative and positive patients reinforces this relation. .

Vertebroplastia percutânea para fraturas tumorais. 15 anos de experîência de uma estrutura multidisciplinar e revisão de literatura / Percutaneous Verteboplasty for tumoral fractures. 15 years experience of a multidisciplinary support and review of the literature

O tratamento da dor do paciente oncológico necessita de um acesso multidisciplinar. Se considerarmos metastases ósseas, mielomamúltiplo e linfoma, os procedimentos percutâneos como a vertebroplastia podem gerar um alívio rápido da dor. Entretanto,a vertebroplastia percutânea deve ser colocada de maneira a não retardar o tratamento sistêmico ou outras modalidades detratamento. Neste artigo, descrevemos nossos 15 anos de experiência com a colaboração de uma equipe multidisciplinar, atravésde revisão da literatura e pontos especiais da vertebroplastia percutânea para fraturas tumorais da coluna vertebral...

The pain management in oncologic patients requires a multidisciplinary approach. Considering bone metastases, multiplemyeloma and lymphoma, percutaneous procedures like vertebroplasty can provide rapid pain relief. However, percutaneousvertebroplasty must be placed in order to not delay systemic therapy or other modalities of treatment. In this article, we describedour 15 years’ experience in collaborating with a multidisciplinary team, reviewing literature and special issues percutaneousvertebroplasty for spinal tumoral fractures...